Important Topics of Physiology for NEET PG 2025

Key Physiology Topics for NEET PG 2025 Preparation

Physiology is a fundamental and expansive subject, requiring a thorough understanding of a wide range of concepts. Here’s a list of high-yield topics that frequently appear in NEET PG exams:

General Physiology
• Body fluid compartments
• Cell membrane structure and composition
• Transport mechanisms

Nerve and Muscle Physiology

• Nerve fiber classification
• Sarcomere structure and changes during muscle contraction
• Energy systems in muscle function

Cardiovascular System

• Heart's conducting system
• Cardiac cycle (events, JVP, pressure-volume loops)
• ECG interpretation
• Cardiac output and its calculation
• Blood pressure regulation (including baroreceptor reflexes)
• Regional circulation (coronary, capillary)

Respiratory System

• Mechanics of breathing (surfactant, lung compliance, lung volumes and capacities, dead space)
• Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio
• Oxygen transport
• Respiratory regulation (respiratory center, chemoreceptors)
• Hypoxia

Renal System

• Juxtaglomerular apparatus
• Glomerular filtration rate (Starling’s forces)
• Tubular function
• Formation of concentrated urine
• Micturition reflex
• Acid-base balance (buffer systems)

Gastrointestinal System

• Structure and functions of the Enteric Nervous System (ENS), Basic Electrical Rhythm (BER), and reflexes
• GI motility
• Digestive secretions (saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, bile)
• Gastrointestinal hormones

Endocrine and Reproductive Physiology

• Pituitary gland functions
• Thyroid gland physiology
• Adrenal cortex physiology
• Pancreatic hormones and related disorders
• Estrogen and testosterone functions
• Ovulation process

Central Nervous System

• Synaptic transmission and neurotransmitters
• Sensory pathways (receptors, ascending tracts, pain pathways)
• Motor pathways (descending tracts, cerebellum, basal ganglia, LMN, muscle spindle)
• Higher cognitive functions (hypothalamus, sleep, EEG, hemispheric functions, memory and learning)

Special Senses

• Visual pathways and processes
• Auditory system (Organ of Corti)

Environmental Physiology

• Temperature regulation (heat and cold exposure)
• Effects of high and low barometric pressures
• Energy balance mechanisms

Muscle Physiology

• Muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organs
• Sarcomere structure and components
• Proteins in A and I bands
• Recruitment and DC coupling mechanisms

Applied Physiology

• Cardiac physiology (ECG, cardiac cycle, JVP)
• Reflex pathways (e.g., Brain Bridge, baroreceptor, Hering-Breuer, Bezold-Jarisch, Cushing, Vasomotor Center)
• Pulmonary function tests (MEFR curves)
• Stewart-Hamilton law and exercise physiology
• Oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve and BP regulation
• Renal physiology (GFR calculation, counter-current mechanisms)

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